*Hormones and Their Properties:*
1. *Insulin:*
- *Source:* Pancreas
- *Function:* Regulates blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.
- *Imbalance:* Insufficient insulin leads to diabetes mellitus, characterized by high blood sugar.
2. *Glucagon:*
- *Source:* Pancreas (alpha cells)
- *Function:* Increases blood glucose levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen in the liver.
- *Imbalance:* Dysregulation can contribute to disorders such as hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.
3. *Estrogen:*
- *Source:* Ovaries (mainly) and adrenal glands
- *Function:* Regulates the menstrual cycle, supports reproductive tissues, and influences secondary sexual characteristics.
- *Imbalance:* Fluctuations or deficiency can lead to menstrual irregularities, infertility, or osteoporosis.
4. *Testosterone:*
- *Source:* Testes (mainly) and adrenal glands
- *Function:* Promotes the development of male secondary sexual characteristics and supports sperm production.
- *Imbalance:* Low testosterone levels may result in reduced muscle mass, low libido, and fatigue.
5. *Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3):*
- *Source:* Thyroid gland
- *Function:* Regulate metabolism, energy production, and growth and development.
- *Imbalance:* Insufficient production leads to hypothyroidism, causing fatigue and weight gain, while excess production results in hyperthyroidism, causing weight loss and irritability.
6. *Cortisol:*
- *Source:* Adrenal glands
- *Function:* Helps regulate metabolism, reduce inflammation, and respond to stress.
- *Imbalance:* Chronic high levels may lead to conditions such as Cushing's syndrome, while low levels can cause fatigue and dizziness.
7. *Adrenaline (Epinephrine) and Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine):*
- *Source:* Adrenal medulla
- *Function:* Initiates the "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and mobilizing energy reserves.
- *Imbalance:* Prolonged elevation can contribute to anxiety, while deficiencies may lead to low energy and blood pressure.
8. *Melatonin:*
- *Source:* Pineal gland
- *Function:* Regulates sleep-wake cycles (circadian rhythm) and has antioxidant properties.
- *Imbalance:* Disruptions can result in sleep disorders and may be associated with conditions such as insomnia.
9. *Progesterone:*
- *Source:* Ovaries (mainly) and adrenal glands
- *Function:* Supports the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, maintaining the uterine lining.
- *Imbalance:* Low levels may contribute to irregular menstrual cycles and fertility issues.
10. *Growth Hormone (GH):*
- *Source:* Pituitary gland
- *Function:* Stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration.
- *Imbalance:* Deficiency can result in growth disorders, while excess may lead to acromegaly.
Understanding hormone functions and maintaining their balance is crucial for overall health. Hormonal imbalances can lead to a wide range of health issues, emphasizing the importance of proper regulation and medical supervision when necessary.
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